{"id":2681,"date":"2021-12-06T14:05:19","date_gmt":"2021-12-06T14:05:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wipconsulting.it\/?p=2681"},"modified":"2025-05-16T14:19:54","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T12:19:54","slug":"luigi-zingales-university-chicago-school-of-business-ossessionati-dal-controllo-e-con-un-business-parassitario-ecco-perche-gli-imprenditori-italiani-sono-incapaci-di-competere-nelle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wipconsulting.it\/en\/luigi-zingales-university-chicago-school-of-business-ossessionati-dal-controllo-e-con-un-business-parassitario-ecco-perche-gli-imprenditori-italiani-sono-incapaci-di-competere-nelle\/","title":{"rendered":"Luigi Zingales (University Chicago School of Business): \u00abOssessionati dal controllo e con un business parassitario. Ecco perch\u00e9 gli imprenditori italiani sono incapaci di competere nell\u2019economia globale\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cIl problema non \u00e8 che le aziende straniere acquisiscano quelle italiane. \u00c8 che gli imprenditori italiani sembrano incapaci di costruire imprese in grado di competere nell\u2019economia globale<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Lo scrive sul Financial Times, Luigi Zingales, professore alla School of Business dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 di Chicago e noto economista italiano da anni in America.<\/p>\n

\u201cSotto lo sguardo benevolo del governo Draghi, il gruppo di private equity statunitense KKR si candida per Telecom Italia, una delle ultime grandi aziende in mani italiane<\/em>\u201d.
\n\u201cL\u2019Italia, ottava economia mondiale, conta solo sei societ\u00e0 nella classifica Fortune Global 500, tre delle quali controllate dallo Stato. Ci\u00f2 a fronte di sette per la Spagna, la cui economia \u00e8 classificata 14th nel mondo per prodotto interno lordo, e 26 per la Francia, che \u00e8 settim<\/em>a\u201d sottolinea Zingales.<\/p>\n

\u201cVedo un fallimento dell\u2019economia italiana nell\u2019entrare nel 21\u00b0 secolo<\/em>\u201d sostiene Zingales.<\/p>\n

\u201cPerch\u00e9 \u00e8 questo? Primo, gli imprenditori italiani sono ossessionati dal controllo. Per mantenere il controllo di maggioranza delle societ\u00e0 che hanno fondato, costruiscono fragili strutture piramidali, le caricano di debiti e alla fine non si espandono molto oltre i confini dell\u2019Italia, poich\u00e9 ci\u00f2 richiederebbe l\u2019utilizzo del capitale per pagare le acquisizioni<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cQuesta ossessione per il controllo non \u00e8 solo una questione psicologica<\/em> \u2013 argomenta l\u2019economista \u2013 In Italia il controllo societario \u00e8 molto prezioso, perch\u00e9 chi lo possiede pu\u00f2 facilmente avvantaggiarsi degli azionisti di minoranza senza timore di ritorsioni legali. Anticipando questo rischio, i risparmiatori sono restii a investire nel mercato azionario ea finanziare l\u2019espansione delle imprese italiane<\/em>\u201d.
\n\u201cIl secondo motivo di sottoperformance \u00e8 il rapporto parassitario tra la grande impresa nazionale e lo Stato italiano. Per decenni la Fiat \u00e8 stata pesantemente protetta dalla concorrenza giapponese, mentre negli anni \u201990 all\u2019Olivetti \u00e8 stata concessa la seconda licenza di telefonia mobile da un governo solidale<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cAbituate a realizzare rapidi profitti in patria grazie ai loro legami politici, le aziende italiane non erano disposte a correre i rischi necessari per avere successo nel mercato globale<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cLa convinzione che \u201cpiccolo \u00e8 bello\u201d ha anche contribuito a impedire alle imprese italiane di realizzare le economie di scala necessarie per il successo globale<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u2019Italia ha inventato la pizza, per esempio, ma ancora non ha una grande catena di pizzerie. Il concetto del bar \u00e8 di origine italiana, ma il paese non ospita una catena di caff\u00e8 significativa. Il paese \u00e8 una delle maggiori destinazioni turistiche del mondo, ma non vanta una grande catena di hotel. E mentre l\u2019Italia \u00e8 una delle capitali mondiali della moda, la pi\u00f9 grande azienda di moda di propriet\u00e0 italiana \u00e8 classificata solo al 17\u00b0 posto al mondo per valore di mercato<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Infine, considera l\u2019incapacit\u00e0 di creare universit\u00e0 di livello mondiale.<\/p>\n

\u201cIl successo di Montecatini e Olivetti negli anni \u201960 \u00e8 stato trainato dalla tecnologia sviluppata nelle universit\u00e0 italiane. Ma chi ricorda l\u2019ultima azienda italiana ad aver prosperato grazie alla tecnologia sviluppata dai ricercatori in patria? Nella classifica delle universit\u00e0 mondiali 2021 di Shanghai non c\u2019\u00e8 nessun istituto italiano tra i primi 150<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cMolti di questi problemi sono in corso da decenni. Eppure gli sforzi per affrontarli sono stati limitati. Le riforme per accelerare i processi civili sono benvenute, ma hanno lo sfortunato difetto di abbreviare i termini di prescrizione per i reati, aiutando gli imprenditori corrotti a sfuggire alla punizione per i loro crimini<\/em>\u201d.
\n\u201cInoltre, non solo l\u2019ondata di denaro fornita dal programma di ripresa dell\u2019UE Next Generation favorisce la relazione parassitaria tra imprese e governo, ma il modo in cui viene erogato il denaro consolida il ciclo di dipendenza<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

E critica il Pnrr italiano. \u201cAlla promozione della ricerca universitaria sono stanziati circa 11 miliardi di euro, ben al di sotto dell\u20191 per cento del PIL e non copre nemmeno il divario annuale di R&S tra l\u2019Italia e il resto d\u2019Europa. Nessun tentativo serio \u00e8 stato fatto, per quanto posso vedere, per aiutare le aziende italiane a sviluppare le economie di scala per competere nel mercato globale<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cPer vincere la sfida della competizione globale nel 21\u00b0 secolo, l\u2019Italia non deve ostacolare il processo di distruzione creativa. Dovrebbe invece favorire lo sviluppo di nuovi colossi capaci di conquistare il mondo.\u00a0<\/em>
\nSe i fondi di rilancio dell\u2019UE di nuova generazione non verranno utilizzati per aiutare questo processo, si perder\u00e0 una grande opportunit\u00e0 per l\u2019economia italiana<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cIl problema non \u00e8 che le aziende straniere acquisiscano quelle italiane. \u00c8 che gli imprenditori italiani sembrano incapaci di costruire imprese in grado di competere nell\u2019economia globale\u201d. Lo scrive sul Financial Times, Luigi Zingales, professore alla School of Business dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 di Chicago e noto economista italiano da anni in America. \u201cSotto lo sguardo benevolo del […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2683,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2681","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-comunicazione","category-trend"],"yoast_head":"\nLuigi Zingales (University Chicago School of Business): \u00abOssessionati dal controllo e con un business parassitario. 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